modal auxiliary verb - using in the past. (headaway upper intermidiate 에서 퍼옴)
might, may, could, must, will, sould, shall, can, ought to, (are allowed to, Be able to)
I suppose everyone who tried to learn English knows these modal verbs.
(대충 이런 modal verb들은 다들 무슨뜻으로 사용되는지 영어공부 하려고 했던 사람들은 다 알 것이다.)
But when I like to say something in Korean such as"뭐 하고 싶었는데 안했어, 뭐 할 수 있었는데 안했어", I can't express like these sentences in Engilsh.
(그런데 한국말로 "뭐 하고 싶었는데 안했어, 뭐 할 수 있었는데 안했어" 요런말 영佇� 표현하려고 하면 어떠헤해야할지 몰랐다.)
So I've found the grammar solution in a book called headaway.
(그래서 헤더웨이라는 책에서 문법해결책을 찾아냈다.)
I will write about that below. (아래에 그내용을 적겠다.)
Modal auxiliary verbs of probability in the past
1. All modal auxiliary verbs can be used with the perfect infinitive.
WILL HAVE DONE is the most certain, and MIGHT/MAY/COULD HAVE DONE is the least certain.
(1. 모든 보조동사 auxiliary동사들은 완료형으로 쓰일수 있다.
will have done 이 가장 확신이 강한 느낌이고 might /may/could have done 들은 적은 것들이다.
- 확신정도는 must가 가장강하고 그다음 can,may,could,might 각각의 느낌의 확신정도가 있다.)
'I met a girl at your party. Tall. Very attractive.'
'That'll have been sonya.'
(제가 키크고 괜찮은 여자를 파티에서 만났어요.)
(그사람 소냐일거에요)
It must have been a good party. Everyone stayed till dawn. - 좋은 파티였을거에요. 모두 새벽까지 있었어요.
The music can't have been any good. Nobody danced. - 그노래 좋을리가 없어요. 아무도 춤추지않았어요
Where's Pete? He sould have been here ages ago! - 피트어딨어? 걔 아까부터 여기 있었어야했어
He may have got lost - 걔 길 잃었을거같아.
He might have decided not to come. - 그남자 오기로 안한거 같아.
He could have had an accident. - 걔 사고를 당한거 아닐까..
2. Would have thought is commonn to express an assumption or supposition
(Would have thought 는 가정이나 추측 표현할때 일반적으로쓰인다.)
I'd have thought they'd be here by now. Where are they?
- 나는 걔네들이 여기 있을거라고 생각 했는데, 깨네들 어딨어?
You'd have thought she'd remember my birthday, wouldn't you?
- 너는 그녀가 내 생일을 기억했을 거라고 생각했니? (아마도 생일날이거나 지났을것이다.;;;)
Wouldn't you have thought they'd ring if there was a problem?
- 너는 걔네들이 문제가 있으면 걔네들이 알려줄거라 생각하니? (그냥 가정인거 같다.;;)
(2번은 그냥 무시해도 될듯싶다. 혼돈된다. 그냥 안쓸란다....이럴때 쓰는 말이 있다.ㅋ
It just makes my life difficult. 그냥 내 인생만 어렵게 만들뿐이다.)
Other uses of modal verbs in the past
should have done - 이거는 꽤 자주 쓰인다.
1. Should have done can express advice or criticism about a past event.
The sentence expresses what is contrary(reverse) to the facts.
You should have listened to my advice. ( You didn't listen.)
I shouldn't have lied to you. I'm sorry. (I did lie.)
You shouldn't have told her you hated her. (You did tell her.)
2. Look at these sentences.
You should have been here yesterday!
You should have seen his face!
Should have done is used here for comic effect. The suggestion is because it was so funny!
- Should have done 은 장난효과를 위해서도 쓰인다. 이 제안들은 웃기기 위해서 이다.;;)
Could have done - 요놈도
1. Could have done is used to express an unrealized past ability.
Someone was able to do something in the past, but didn't do it.
I could have gone to university, but I didn't do it. - 아마 대학 갈 성적이 안나왔을거 같다.;;
We could have won the match. We didn't try hard enough. - 아마 못이겼을 거 같다.;;
I could have told you that Chris wouldn't come. he hates parties. - 아마 크리스가 오질 바라지 않았을거 같다...;;;
I was so angry with her, I could have killed her!! - 아마도 절대 죽이지 못할것이다.;;;;
2. It is used to express a past possibility that didn't happen.
You fool! You could have killed yourself! - 아마 진짜 죽을수도 있었을것이다.;
We were lucky. We could have been caught in that traffic jam.
When I took the burnt meal out of the oven, I could have cried!! - what a shame 이다..
3. It is used to criticize people for not doing things.
You could have told me that Sue and Jim had split up!
I've been cleaning the house for hours, You could at least have done your bedoom!
Might have done
1 The above use of should have done can also be expressed with might have done.
You might have helped instead of just sitting on your backside!
2. I might have known/guessed that ... is used to introduce a typical action of someone or something.
I might have known that Peter would be late. He's always late.
The car won't start. I might have guessed that would happen.
needn't have
Needn't have done expresses an action that was done, but it wasn't necessary. It was a waste of time.
I needn't have got up so early. The train was delayed.
I've bought you a new pen, because I lost yours.
You needn't have bothered. I've got hundreds.
should have done 이나 could have done, may have done 등 위에 적은 동사형태는 실제로 사용할때 발음이 각별히 중요한거 같다. 아무래도 익숙하지 않는 것들이다 보니 잘 안들리기 마련이다.
그런데 발음을 잘 알면 의외로 영어 티비프로그램에서 많이 들린다.
발음은, should have done 같은 경우는 '슈드러브돈' 이런식으로 한다. have를 '러브'란 식으로 흘려버린다. 하지만 should do 와 should have done 은 엄연히 다르게 들리는 건 사실이다.
익숙해져야겠다...
쩝
eg) They are talking in class on Monday .
A : Hi, how's you?
B : Hi fine and you?
A : yeah , I'm well.
B : well what did you do at the weekend?
A : eh.....(hesitating to say)
B : come on, you could have done nothing, could you? ( B is teasing A)
A : No, No I had a lot to do last weekend.
I should have visited grandmother's but I didn't
I should have done homework but I didn't and.... so on...
B : Oh you dude, such a lazy boy.
A : hey, mind your own business!~!~!
B : All right all right haha;
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What a relief!!
(다행이야)
- 그냥 적어논다. 다음에 또 보게.;;